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Trauma, Vol. 7, No. 4, 171-183 (2005)
DOI: 10.1191/1460408605ta345oa
© 2005 SAGE Publications

The immuno-inflammatory response to trauma

Christopher C Tzioupis

St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK

Stathis Katsoulis

St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK

Nick Manidakis

Department of Orthopedics, Nuffield Hospital, Oxford, UK

Peter V Giannoudis

St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK, pgiannoudi{at}aol.com

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome is a well recognized physiological entity being part of our homeostatic mechanisms. It represents the cascade of inflammatory reactions initiated in the immediate aftermath following trauma reflecting the state of alertness that our body undergoes in order to fight for survival. A variety of inflammatory mediators and cellular elements are involved during this process interacting amongst each other. This allows communication between the different organ systems and thus regulating local and systemic responses. We have just begun to characterize and quantify the immuno-inflammatory response to trauma and this has opened new horizons in the way we understand the pathophysiological response to injury. As our knowledge evolves new therapeutic agents and innovative treatment plans will be developed contributing to increased survival rates in patients with multiple injuries.

Key Words: DCO • immuno-inflammatory response • second hit • SIRS • trauma


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